Hallux Rigidus
Hallux rigidus is a term used to describe pain and stiffness in the big toe. Hallux is a term that is used for the big toe while rigidus refers to the limited motion associated with this condition. Hallux rigidus represents a form of degenerative arthritis . This is a progressive condition with increasing pain and limits of motion. The condition usually starts with limited range of motion which is referred to as hallux Limitus. As the pain increases and the range of motion decreases the joint becomes more rigid. Initially the symptoms may only the present with certain shoes or activities with gradually increasing limitations. There may be periods of swelling and inflammation around the joint or there may be pain at rest. Initially the pain may only the present after activities or possibly after wearing a pair of dress shoes such as heels.
Common Symptoms
- Pain and stiffness in the big toe during use (walking, standing, bending, etc.)
- Pain and stiffness aggravated by cold, damp weather
- Difficulty with activities (running, squatting)
- Rest pain
- Difficulty wearing shoes due to prominent bone or wearing high heeled shoes
- Dull pain in knee, yep, or lower back due to altered walking pattern.
- Limping, with more severe symptoms.
Causes
Causes of hallux rigidus include trauma, or structural abnormalities that lead to abnormal function as well as overuse. The resolved his degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis). This type of wear and tear arthritis often develops in people who have defects that changed the way their foot functions. For example a fallen arch for a foot that collapses is susceptible to developing hallux rigidus. This abnormal function can be inherited. In other cases, overuse precipitates the problem.
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis leads to more efficient treatment. The sooner the problem is addressed the last damage there is to the joint.
Clinical examination and x-rays are usually required for diagnosis.
Treatment
With early diagnosis and treatment the condition may respond to accommodative measures and medical management. This may include the following
- Shoe modifications
- Orthotics
- Medications
- Injection Therapy
- Physical therapy
In more advanced cases surgery may need be considered to relieve symptoms and reduced progression. Surgical options may include the following.
- Reconstructive procedures that remove the degenerative arthritis to relieve pain, restore function, and reduce progression
- Joint replacement including total or partial replacement. Including HemiCap great toe resurfacing system.
- Joint fusion
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